Anaphylaxis is a severe form of allergic reaction that can develop rapidly and is potentially life-threatening. It must be treated as a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. More than one body system may be involved, however the most dangerous allergic reactions involve the respiratory system and/or cardiovascular system.

Signs and symptoms

Difficulty/noisy breathing
Swelling of face and tongue
Swelling/tightness in throat
Persistent dizziness/loss of consciousness and/or collapse
Difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice
Wheeze or persistent cough
Pale and floppy (in young children)
Abdominal pain and vomiting
Hives, welts and body redness
Signs of envenomation

First aid

Arrange for the ambulance to be called, obtain action plans and auto-injectors
Lay casualty flat, don’t let them stand or walk, if breathing is difficult allow to sit
Prevent further exposure to trigger agent/allergen if possible (e.g. flick out stings remove food items)
Confirm anaphylaxis due to signs and symptoms
If possible, consult and implement the individual’s action plan
Administer adrenaline via an auto-injector immediately
Further adrenaline should be given if no response is seen after 5 minutes
Casualty may benefit from the administration of oxygen and/or asthma medication if required;
If breathing stops, commence CPR and seek urgent medical aid